Sorry to hear that your C920 is not working for you with Ch.
I just ran a test with my own Logitech C920 running on my M1 Mac running Ventura 13.4.1(c) with Ch Beta 24.0. The camera is working just fine for me here.
I did take a look at the logs you provided, and it looks like the camera is starting up normally and then being turned off. Can you please see if you can capture logs for when you start the camera, but it fails to start up normally? So just turn the camera on and wait, then report the logs.
I am using a USB hub for the connection, since the C920 has a USB A style plug and my MacBook M1 has only USB C plugs.
What sort of USB hub are you using with your camera? Sometimes what can happen is a USB hub might not provide enough power for the camera to fully start up in the mode we are using it in. So that could be a possible reason why it might work for some apps but not others. If you have a different USB hub you might try using that, or try connecting the camera directly if the plugs match. Also, be sure to try different USB ports as some provide more power than others.
Also, I was wondering if you have installed any virtual camera utils like CamTwist, or if you are using OBS Studio. Some of these tools install camera drivers that make use of unsupported legacy APIs. The results of using these can sometimes be a bit unpredictable.
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