OK, I may just have accidentally stumbled across the solution myself. First of all, I found a button named "Show Color Profile" in the UI of Cinema 4D's Picture Viewer: I'm currently rendering an animation sequence with Octane Render in 32bit using a Linear Workflow. When I deactivate the "Show Color Profile" button, the image gets very dark. According to the C4D help, the image is shown in sRGB if the button is deactivated and in the respective color profile, when you click it. Now I imported that image sequence into After Effects, set the Depth to 32Bit, the Working Space to sRGB and then activated Linearize Working Space. Guess how things look, when "Use Display Color Management" is deactivated? Exactly! Just as dark as the image was in Cinema 4D, when "Show Color Profile" was deactivated. Now guess what happens when I activate "Use Display Color Management" in After Effects? The image is shown correctly, i.e. in the same way it was rendered in Cinema 4D, when "Show Color Profile" was enabled. This leads me to assume, that the "Use Display Color Management" option in After Effects is simply there, to help display 'linear' images properly on your monitor. If that's the case, it's a bit of a misnomer, because it rather does, what's written on C4D's tin, i.e. display the color profile (in this case linear) in the correct way. There will obviously be people who know this far better than I do and if so, I'd appreciate to be corrected. But in the meantime, I think I solved my own question 🙂
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