it's 4k footage. it's rendering using CPU, and needs to be passed from RAM to CPU to render, without multithreading. what was that? GPU? don't be silly, After effects doesn't use it.
I dealt with this for a long time. I haven't gotten 4k playback at 24fps since 2014 in after effects. The best I can say is to render it out and watch it, because the program just is not capable of putting pixels on a screen that fast. It can't multithread much, so the more cores your computer has, the worse it will be compared to the same one with fewer, faster, larger cores.
after all, what does rendering 1 frame per core help, if the next frame to play takes several times longer to render?
you might be able to speed it up by disabling the GPU altogether, so it doesn't worry about it, getting more, faster RAM, and storing the project files, program, and cache all on the same NVME M.2 drive. if you're lucky.
if the edit is simple you MIGHT be able to transfer it using XML to davinci resolve. if it's UHD4k, resolve will be able to export properly.