SCORM Completion Sent on Last Slide Entry or Window Exit

That is my understanding as well.  If you have the Quiz Result slide shown, when you click the Continue button the timeline will continue playing to the end of the slide (there is no option to Jump to Slide for the Continue button) and when it reaches the end of the Quiz Result timeline it executes whatever actions have been assigned for Quiz Pass or Fail as well as pinging off the results to the LMS..

However, if the learner has failed the quiz but has the option to Retake Quiz then the Continue button doesn't get clicked, the Quiz Result slide timeline never reaches the end, and the LMS doesn't get a final word on the status of the entire quiz.  That's still up in the air until the learner gets back to the Quiz Result slide again.

If you have Interaction Data and/or Resume Data turned on in Quiz Settings then the LMS will still be getting SCORM data hitting it after each and every slide so that it knows what to do for bookmarking.

That's how it works as far as I am aware.  But I'm happy for anyone with better information to chime in.