There's no simple way of doing that, as there's little point CF having functions that just output what is essentially formatted data with no control over you format it.
For what purpose are you doing this? Just for debugging, or for an Application? If it's debugging, use CFDUMP.
However there is always a way, and the key is the secret [QueryName].ColumnList, over which you can iterate like any other list.
Fully working example:
<cfscript>
// knock up a "fake" query for testing
qEmployees = queryNew('Name, Age, Position', 'VarChar, Integer, Varchar' ) ;
queryAddRow(qEmployees) ;
querySetCell(qEmployees, 'Name', 'Dave') ;
querySetCell(qEmployees, 'Age', 21) ;
querySetCell(qEmployees, 'Position', 'Staff') ;
queryAddRow(qEmployees) ;
querySetCell(qEmployees, 'Name', 'Phil') ;
querySetCell(qEmployees, 'Age', 42) ;
querySetCell(qEmployees, 'Position', 'Manager') ;
queryAddRow(qEmployees) ;
querySetCell(qEmployees, 'Name', 'Barry') ;
querySetCell(qEmployees, 'Age', 71) ;
querySetCell(qEmployees, 'Position', 'Sitting down') ;
</cfscript>
<cfoutput query="qEmployees">
<cfloop from="1" to="#listLen(qEmployees.ColumnList)#" index="iCol">
#qEmployees[listGetAt(qEmployees.ColumnList, iCol)][CurrentRow]#<br />
</cfloop>
</cfoutput>