Can't find folders

Just some comments to the following.

@oliver28524837pqwe , you stated. "My Computer froze during an Edit in Photoshop where I edited a copy from LR CC, so I turned my laptop off after nothing reacted.

Comment, since you shut down your computer without exiting LrC a .lock (LOCK) file next to the Catalog in use which will prevent you from using that Catalog until the lock file is manually removed. When a Catalog is opened with LrC the lock is created and when you exit the application it is automatically removed. If you shut down the Computer the lock file will remain.

When turning back on, my Lightroom was empty, with no folders, Catalogs or presets. Even though I have all my folders saved on a virtual drive, it has only 2 random folders, in my LR, one is even empty.

I do not understand the Virtual Folders concept, for you to send an image to PS for further editing there needs to be a physical access to the original image.

You have most likely opened a new (empty) catalog file. Try File->Open Recent and open each catalog shown there until you find the one that you want. If that doesn't work, use your operating system's search feature to find all files on all disks whose name ends with .LRCAT (might be lowercase).