As Rick says, FM Server is functionally the same as the standard version, it's just a different license agreement. You can do your testing and evaluation on a single user license and if you're able to do what you want, then buy the server license.
What you're asking for is completely possible, and this functionality is provided by a number of CMS systems. To implement it yourself will require a good understanding of FrameMaker's XML capabilities and the ability to develop a web application that can talk to an application and manage the files. You'll also need to develop some functionality using the FDK or FrameScript that lets you drive Frame programmatically.
Based on your list, most of the work looks like it would be in the web app area, not so much with Frame. All you're asking of Frame is to generate PDFs from files that are sent to it.
I've developed various pieces for this type of system, and if you're looking for some help, feel free to contact me.
Cheers,
Scott Prentice
Leximation, Inc.
www.leximation.com