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Go ahead, make us laugh -- I promise we'll be gentle 
Some previous experience with JS is good, it doesn't matter on what platform. The only thing to watch out for is things that you took for granted but were in fact not part of JS but of the surrounding DOM (Document Object Model). For example, if you worked with web pages, you would have used the HTML DOM without even being aware of it.
The InDesign DOM is comp-lick-a-ted ... but that's because InDesign is complicated! And in fact it's a good thing too; fortunately the programmers took care to make virtually every function in ID available to scripters (one exclusion, for example, seems to be "Show Text Threads" 
-- and no-one ever mentioned that in the decade I've been working with ID/JS, so it's not like it is something important).
To get your head around ID's DOM, I'll gladly recommend "the best" reference, that is, my own: http://www.jongware.com/idjshelp.html, because even though it contains the exact same text as Adobe's own help, mine looks nicer, is hyper-referenced, searchable, and shows a graphical hierarchy of most object relations.
Hi @s.vd.z , you can use the invoke() method to toggle the Show Text Threads menu item. There are over 4000 menuActions available:
var menuItem = app.menuActions.itemByID(24332)
if(menuItem.enabled){
menuItem.invoke();
};
You might want to start a new thread, but you can setup grep or text find and changes to do what you are looking for. Here are two grep F&C functions, one searches for a text style, the other for a position
//get the character styles you want to apply in the searches
var bs = app.activeDocument.characterStyles.itemByName("MyBold");
var is = app.activeDocument.characterStyles.itemByName("MyItalic");
var ps = app.activeDocument.characterStyles.itemByName("MySuper");
//search for a font style with the character style to apply
styleSearch("Bold", bs)
styleSearch("Italic", is)
//search for a position with the character style to apply
//https://www.indesignjs.de/extendscriptAPI/indesign-latest/#Position.html for possible positions
positionSearch(Position.SUPERSCRIPT, ps)
/**
* Search for a text style and apply a character style
* @ param the text style to search for e.g. "Bold""
* @ param the character style to apply
* @ return void
*/
function styleSearch(s, cs){
app.findGrepPreferences = app.changeGrepPreferences = app.findChangeGrepOptions = null;
app.findGrepPreferences.fontStyle = s;
app.changeGrepPreferences.appliedCharacterStyle = cs;
app.activeDocument.changeGrep( true )
}
/**
* Search for a text position and apply a character style
* @ param the position to search for e.g. Position.SUPERSCRIPT
* @ param the character style to apply
* @ return void
*/
function positionSearch(p, cs){
app.findGrepPreferences = app.changeGrepPreferences = app.findChangeGrepOptions = null;
app.findGrepPreferences.position = p;
app.changeGrepPreferences.appliedCharacterStyle = cs;
app.activeDocument.changeGrep( true )
}
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