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Currently this arrangement will return the given photo that has the nested keyword only assigned - when the top-level-keyword is searched for using the 'Library Filter > Text > Keywords > Contains words'
[top-level-keyword]
nested keyword
This occurs even when the top level keyword is set to not export, and the nested keyword is set to not Export Containing Keywords, and, as I mentioned above, only the nested keyword is assigned to the photo(s). This makes no sense and is counterproductive and inaccurate and confusing.
Similarly the same type of search will return photos that do have the top level keyword, even when it's set to not export, which is less agregious than the other scenario, where only the sub-kw is assigned, but still also makes no sense and is not helpful.
EXAMPLE:
You have a photo of a duck. Your kw structure is
[wildlife] (set to not export)
duck (child of wildlife, and set to not export containing kw)
You assign only "duck" to a photo - not "wildlife". You then search text>kw>contains words for the parent ("wildlife") and the photo is returned, even though you didn't assign the parent, the parent is set to not export, and the child is instructed not include the parent.
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Your understanding is incorrect, you did assign Wildlife to the photo. Any time you assign a child keyword, the parent keyword(s) also get assigned. That is how Lightroom works. It's automatic, and can't be turned off. To see this, please set the dropdown menu in the Keywording panel to "Keywords and Containing Keywords"
The fact that the parent keyword is not set to export is irrelevant to searches within Lightroom.
"This makes no sense and is counterproductive and inaccurate and confusing."
Makes perfect sense to me. When you search for Wildlife, you do want to find photos of Ducks. When you search for Massachusetts, you want to find photos of Boston.
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To build on dj_paige's reply, LR has always behaved this way, and many people (including me) find that behavior useful.
These is an obscure way to find photos that are assigned an explicit keyword, ignoring descendant keywords (e.g. "Wildlife"). In the Library Filter bar's Metadata browser, add a Keyword column and change its View from Hierarchical to Flat:
Clicking on a keyword in the column will then show only those photos that have been explicitly assigned that keyword and won't include descendant keywords. It's klutzy to use this when you've got lots of keywords -- the scrollbar is tiny and there's no way to quickly search for a keyword or type the first few letters of the keyword to scroll to it.
If there's a task you'd like to accomplish with the current behavior and can't figure out how, describe it and we can come up with a solution.
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