When I change the font size of a text (10 pt to 12 pt) in a multi-layer .psd the text is no longer visible. Yes, the visiblity icon (eye) is checked. If I undo the text size change it is visible.
Launch BETA Photoshop While Pressing The Keyboard Shortcut With Photoshop closed, press and hold Shift+Ctrl+Alt (Win) / Shift+Command+Option (Mac) on your keyboard and then Launch Photoshop the way you normally would. https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/using/preferences.html#Manually
2. It may help if we could see your Photoshop beta System Info. Launch Photoshop beta, and select Help >System Info...and copy/paste the text in a reply.
Try Opt clicking the text layer's eye icone to turn all other layers off to see if it is something like a clipping issue.
Double click the layer to highlight the text so you can at least see what space it is taking.
You could reset just the Type tool before you reset Preferences. It only takes a moment, and if it works you have saved the annoyance or having set everything up again.
My gut is that it is ether an interaction with another layer, or broken like Cory has suggested, and will need that Preference reset.