Sorry for the trouble browsing in Bridge. I haven't been able to reproduce this on my Windows system, and wonder if a reset of your preferences will resolve this?
This did not solve the issue. Also, something that might be worth mentioning since you brought it up - when updating to the latest beta it reset almost all of my preferences back to their defaults.
I was able to set them back but a lot of things got reset. This seemed to be triggered when I updated the non-beta version of photoshop to the latest build, base photoshop now has a "2023" version folder and the plug-in "image processor pro" stopped working in bridge as well.
I'm wondering if all these things are related? It will focus bridge fine if you open bridge manually, but trying to open bridge from the beta version of photoshop's file menu sends you to the creative cloud app page.
The base version of photoshop also does this now after the latest update too, it doesn't recognize bridge is installed for some reason.
I attempted to uninstall using both the "keep" and "remove" options and it didn't seem to fix the issue either way. I'm not sure which file tells photoshop where your bridge install is or I'd edit that myself to see if that fixes it.