Photoshop 26.8, Mac OS 15.5
From a CMYK images:
Export CLUT Layer as an ICC DeviceLink profile;
The CMYK ICC DeviceLink profile is created but, the OUTPUT curve are inverted.
See attached picture: LEFT: correct output curves. RIGHT: Output curves of the ICC Devicelink profile exported form Photoshop are INVERTED.

So, when loading the ICC devivceLink profile as CLUT Layer or doing a Convert color using the deviceLink profile, the color are inverted.