Today, there are free AI tools on the web that enable image enlargement, quality improvement and bringing it to a much greater resolution. Photoshop should be a leader in this field and integrate such a built-in tool into the software
There already are two, you just haven't looked. Both are AI-powered.
One is called "super resolution", and is available in Lightroom or ACR>Photoshop. Works best on raw files.
Then there is a neural filter in Photoshop called "super zoom". That's for RGB files. It's a little less effective than the other one, but still much better than traditional upsampling.
All the "super" notwithstanding, none of them will magically render high resolution cameras superfluous. You're not getting the real thing, but in most cases it will be good enough to get away with.