I have a feeling that in one version of Premiere Pro, this issue was resolved. Unfortunately, I'm 100% certain that adding a 'Shutter Angle' of any value on a 'Transform Effect' shifts the clip position relative to the anchor point position.
In both cases, the visual representation of an 'Anchor point', which appears after clicking on the 'Anchor Point' option in the Effect Controls panel, stays in the center (both horizontal and vertical) of the timeline/composition window. However, when you apply any value to the 'Shutter angle' the clip shifts outside its anchor point center.
This issue only occurs when there's a mismatch between timeline resolution and clip resolution, eg. when you're working on a 2160x3840 (9:16) timeline with a 3840x2160 (16:9) clip or on a 1920x1080 (16:9) timeline with 3840x2160 (16:9) clip.
The 'Scale motion effects proportionally' option does not make any difference in this case.

The 'Use Comopositions's Shutter Angle' option does not make any difference either.

Yes, Nesting the clip is the only solution to this bug, however, it slows the whole editing process down.
Please, don't bother with "We were unable to reproduce the issue" answer, since this has been well documented for the past 3 years, try rather fixing the issue:
https://www.reddit.com/r/premiere/comments/14ce3yh/i_am_trying_to_add_motion_blur_with_the_transform...
https://community.adobe.com/t5/premiere-pro-discussions/transform-effect-shutter-angle-is-messing-up...
https://community.adobe.com/t5/premiere-pro-discussions/transform-effect-with-shutter-angle-changes-...
Versions (bug is present on both):
Adobe Premiere Pro - Version 24.5.0 (Build 57)
Adobe Premiere Pro Beta - Version 24.6.0 (Build 33)
Windows 10 Pro 22H2 + latest drivers
GeForce RTX 3080 + NVIDIA Studio Driver (555.99)
i7-13700k