vl,
Another approach, which can be combined with the one shown by Barbara:
You can end by mapping the artwork on a sphere to get the 3D effect, followed by the colouring, you can read more here,
https://helpx.adobe.com/illustrator/using/creating-3d-objects.html
and search further with this or similar/further search terms,
https://helpx.adobe.com/search-results.html?q=Mapping+artwork+to+a+sphere+Illustrator&scope=%5B%22adobe_com%22%5D&subscope=%5B%5D&limit=10&start_index=0&sort_orderby=relevancy&sort_order=desc&post_facet_filters=%7B%22applicable_products%22%3A%5B%5D%7D
With that, you can start by creating the artwork with a basic appearance as it is seen seen straight on, the parts on the bottom left being closest in shape.
You can start by creating the parts (sets of objects) that are repeated in each circle, rounded butterfly and oval in the outer one, rounded triangle and oval in the inner one, all with the desired (degree of) irregularity of the constituent shapes/mutual positioning; I presume the same irregularity is intended/can be used.
Then you can create rotated copies in different ways, also including Transform Effect, Repeat, and Blend, with rotation by 60 degrees, or 360/6 degrees; you can use the same kind of seach for these.
You can go back and forth between the straight on artwork and the mapping, adjusting.
Just a note: There are 6 sets in total, 5 copies, hence the 60 or 360/6.
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