While we do have controls to hide the New Layer option in menus, there is no way to customize which buttons appear in panels such as Layers. If you are missing these and resetting preferences (which may cause this sort of behavior through corruption) doesn't help, I'd guess you are on a controlled machine. You mention working with IT, so I'm guessing you are in a corporate, government, or educational environment. This feature may have been taken away at some higher level and, if that is the case, this may not be something we would be able to help you with from this end.  ... View more

Here is a guess, Is it just the text layer? The file was created in Photoshop 2019 and the font engine has been updated recently.  If so, all the layers with "Abbildung" if they have a "!" next to font - please update the Layer before duplicating to new dcoument.   If that does not work: We would need to see the original file / PSD, before any changes.  Specific steps, What specific Layer is being copied to new documnet.       ... View more