You can't do anything between adjacent frames. If you want something to fade in one frame using actionscript, you either tween its alpha property from 1 to 0, or you tween the alpha property of something that covers it from 0 to 1 (in your case something black covers it).
So what I do is I look up the Tween class in the help documents to see what parameters I need to specify in creating a new Tween instance and then code that according to what I know I want (I'll actually usually just copy an existing one and convert it to my needs).
Here's some code that fades in an object with an instance name of blackThing in 2 seconds...
import fl.transitions.Tween;
import fl.transitions.easing.*;
var twAlpha:Tween = new Tween(blackThing, "alpha", Regular.easeIn, 0, 1, 2, true);