This is a JavaScript question, not a ColdFusion question, but I will attempt to answer it, anyway.
window = self.
parent = self is a child window, so parent is the window that spawned self.
document = document object model (your code).
forms[0] = first form in an array of forms.
window.parent.document.forms[0] = opening (parent) window form.
.adAlgo.select() = select form element "adAlgo".
.adAlgo.focus() = place cursor in/on (focus) form element "adAlgo".
It looks like it's part of form validation; if something in adAlgo is not correct, place the cursor there so the user knows that the value needs to be corrected.
This is a complete guess, of course.
HTH,
^_^