Sometimes playing dumb is the way to go. How about this:
<cfquery name="FYsum" dbtype="query">
sum(FY_2011) as FY_2011, sum(FY_2012) as FY_2012, sum(FY_2013) as FY_2013, sum(FY_2014) as FY_2014, sum(FY_2015) as FY_2015, sum(FY_2016) as FY_2016
from qryItems
</cfquery>
<cfif FYsum.FY_2011 NEQ 0 AND FYsum.FY_2012 NEQ 0 AND FYsum.FY_2013 NEQ 0 AND FYsum.FY_2014 NEQ 0 AND FYsum.FY_2015 NEQ 0 AND FYsum.FY_2016 NEQ 0>
<!--- Note: It is efficient to use the FY sums already evaluated --->
<cfquery name="qrySumFY" dbtype="query">
select 'Item01' as DESCR
,#FYsum.FY_2011# as FY_2011, #FYsum.FY_2012# as FY_2012, #FYsum.FY_2013# as FY_2013, #FYsum.FY_2014# as FY_2014, #FYsum.FY_2015# as FY_2015, #FYsum.FY_2016# as FY_2016
,sum(COST_2011) as COST_2011, sum(COST_2012) as COST_2012, sum(COST_2013) as COST_2013, sum(COST_2014) as COST_2014, sum(COST_2015) as COST_2015, sum(COST_2016) as COST_2016
,sum(COST_2011) / #FYsum.FY_2011# as PERC_2011, sum(COST_2012) / #FYsum.FY_2012# as PERC_2012, sum(COST_2013) / #FYsum.FY_2013# as PERC_2013, sum(COST_2014) / #FYsum.FY_2014# as PERC_2014, sum(COST_2015) / #FYsum.FY_2015# as PERC_2015, sum(COST_2016) / #FYsum.FY_2016# as PERC_2016
from qryItems
group by DESCR
</cfquery>
<cfelse><!--- At least one of the FY sums is 0 --->
<!--- Do what you gotta do --->
</cfif>