Don't change anything in Photoshop's color settings! That...

Don't change anything in Photoshop's color settings! That's not where the problem is. If you changed anything, change it back.

This is a broken monitor profile, probably distributed from the manufacturer through Windows Update. That happens a lot.

The proper way to fix this is to use a calibrator to make a new profile. If you don't have one, replace the current profile with sRGB IEC61966-2.1 for now. It won't be entirely accurate, but better than a broken profile. Relaunch Photoshop when done; it needs to load the new profile at startup: