These days, its usually Chrome's click-to-play causing these symptoms, but it sounds like that's not the case for you.
Anything that might prevent JavaScript from working as written (extensions like ad-blockers, anti-tracking/anti-scripting plugins, etc.) can be a source of similar grief.
Flash Player is a built in component of Chrome, and occasionally the binary just gets damaged, either through disk corruption or a failed patch update. If you sign into Chrome with your Google account, they sync everything important (bookmarks, history, etc.) to their servers. Simply uninstalling and reinstalling Chrome (and then, following the directions above to disable Chrome's new Click to Play behavior again) is probably enough to get you going again, and is relatively painless.
Chrome does take a few minutes to download Flash Player after a fresh installation these days, so reinstall, then give it 10-15 minutes to do it's thing.
If you're still stuck after that, go to chrome://flags and search for Prefer HTML5 over Flash. Set it to Disable, and see if that helps. If not, let us know.