You can find all the information about fonts licensed from Adobe (including fonts bundled with Adobe applications) at:
Font licensing information, end user licensing agreements | Adobe
There is no restriction against use of any Adobe-licensed font in any print media (such as posters) to answer your specific question. Obviously, though, you can't “give” the font files to the printer or publisher, but you can embed them in print-ready PDF, EPS, and PostScript files. Furthermore, Adobe font licensing makes no distinction between for-profit and non-profit use.
Note that for fonts from other font vendors (i.e. not Adobe), other licensing requirements including higher cost licenses or even royalties may apply.
- Dov