As I understand it MacOS "goes by" the volume name, but Windows "goes by" the drive letter, and the volume name is just an optional description.
When the volume name is consistent, MacOS will recognise that this is the same drive as before - and, that the image paths relate to.
When the drive letter is consistent, Windows will recognise that this is the same drive as before - and, that the image paths relate to.
IMO it is unwise to employ a drive letter such as D: for an external drive: because sometimes, accidentally, that particular drive letter will have already been assigned to some different device. This will depend on the order in which devices are connected (or if left connected, the order in which they are found when the computer next starts up). In which case, this external drive will be assigned E:, F: etc instead - whatever is the next currently free letter.
And if images were formerly found in a D: drive which now appears to the computer as F: these images are thereby 'not found at same location' so far as the Catalog is concerned.
I strongly recommend: leave the volume naming in place for MacOs purposes, but for Windows change each external drive so that it will request a particular (unique) drive letter much further on through the alphabet. That way, there will be no accidental drive letter conflicts that will affect the Catalog. You will just once need to re-address the Catalog to tell it that this whole set of photos can be now found on (say) P: drive instead of D: drive as before.
Re-addressing a bunch of image folders is easiest when there is a single point of management exposed.
Say that within a given drive you have a top level folder "photos" and inside that year folders "2019", "2020" etc, and inside each of those a further subtree of image folders relating to that year. And say that within the Catalog you only see those "2019", "2020" etc. As things then stand you would need to re-address "2019", and then separately "2020", etc. So it would be more efficient to go to (say) "2019" and right-click and choose Show Parent Folder to expose "photos" to your Catalog. Now you can just readdress that to update the locations of all the year folders in one go. This is done by right-clicking the folder and choosing the relevant option "Update Folder Location / Find Missing Folder" (which differs by circumstance but amounts to the same result).
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