I had a feeling that that was going to be too easy... okay, the more complicated method, and an explanation of what the problem is:
Firstly, it took me a while even to find the relevant information about what's happening (their manual isn't that helpful in terms of organisation) but ultimately it goes like this:
"Since the TURBINE produces sound rather than processing incoming audio material, in
most hosts the TURBINE will be shown as a „Virtual Instrument“. This means you need to
open an instrument track instead of an audio track. Select the TURBINE plug-in under
virtual instruments to open it."
Your problem here is that Audition does not have 'instrument' tracks, as such. These are generally associated with music creation software, and Audition simply isn't that - as many people have observed and complained about over the years. What the instrument track would do in this instance is add the sound streaming from the plugin to a mix, so you wouldn't actually see it as a waveform anyway - it would just appear in the mix output at the levels you set, and with the automation applied. Clearly you are only hearing it via Patchwork, but it's just possible that this might provide a solution - albeit rather a convoluted one with a bit of a lack of flexibility.
Goes like this: Use Virtual Audio Cable to catch the audio feed from Patchwork and feed it to an available input in Audition. What you'd have to do then is run the effect with the input track in Record, and you should be able to get the output stream captured like that. So essentially the same as the previous method only with an input that the computer manufacturer can't get at. Most of them have been spooked by the RIAA into not letting you record 'What you hear' because they think you're going to break somebody's copyright, and Virtual Audio Cable is the way around this - it routes a source sound directly to a recordable input. That's the good news. The bad news is that it is an almighty pain in the butt to set up. This isn't totally surprising though - it's delving around in the rather complicated innards of your software in a rather intrusive way, and there's a lot that needs to be set up, and plenty to stop it working properly.
I can't think of anything else you can try, other than using Reaper...