Provide conditional feedback after Quiz based on responses to individual questions

In theory this is possible, but you will need to create user variables that track which objectives are linked to which question slides. 

However, this won't work if using only a single Question Pool. You would need to ensure that you have several question pools and each question pool was ONLY related to a specific learning objective, because you will not know which question in the pool will be selected randomly for each user.

When the learner gets a question wrong, your On Last Attempt action of the quiz question will need to assign the value of the relevant variable that is tracking the applicable learning objective. 

Your Quiz Result slide will need to display which learning objectives were not achieved.  Your table shown above would be adequate, but for the highlighting to work, you would need to use Conditional Advanced actions that SHOW the highlighting behind the rows of any objective that wasn't met.

For the user to be able to jump back from the Quiz Results slide to review the content, and yet still trigger another quiz attempt, they would need to click the Retake Quiz button.  But this will only take them back to the first scored object in the project that is set to report to quiz.  So you'll need to ensure there is a button or some other interactive object set up this way near the beginning of the project (maybe on a menu slide) so that when they click Retake Quiz, they jump back to that point.