If you want to view the output from a website or intranet then you need to upload ALL of the published files and folders to a location on the web server for your website or intranet. It's not as simple as just uploading one or two of the files. You have to upload all of them and they need to be maintain the same structural relationships otherwise the linkages will be broken.
Websites are actually a collection of files as well. The fact that you click on a link that takes you to a particular HTML page of the site does not mean that you only need that particular HTML file for everything to work. There may be dozens of other files in the background that are linked to the HTML file and provide other elements such as images or animations as well as functional code that determines the look-and-feel or interactivity.