I agree with Lieve that it's not a good idea to have both Branch Aware and Submit All turned on at the same time.
You would only normally use Branch Aware if you wanted to allow your user to only complete some of the quiz questions or interactions and then be scored ONLY on those they actually visited. But if your user is going to encounter all quiz questions, then Branch Aware doesn't make sense. Submit All is only really useful if you want your user to be free to move back and forth during the quiz answering questions and checking their answers carefully before submitting them all at one click of the Submit All button.
My gut feeling tells me your main issue of being stuck on the Quiz Results slide might be due to something quite simple. You haven't shown a screenshot of the Quiz settings for Pass/Fail where it gives you the option to allow the user to Retake the Quiz if they fail an attempt.
If you have Resume Data Bookmarking turned on and you exit the lesson at the end of an unsuccessful attempt (with more attempts still allowed), then the default behaviour of a SCORM module is to take you back to the last slide. In this case that appears to have been your Quiz Results slide. So, that seems fairly normal to me.
However, without that Retake Quiz button your user will not be able to reset the quiz for another attempt when they land on the Quiz Result slide, regardless of how they get there (during the quiz or after resuming from the LMS). You've given them three possible attempts. Why not make it possible for them to actually reset and retake the quiz?
Regarding the non-functioning Continue button: Since you have the Reguired dropdown list set to Answer All, that means if the learner has not visited and answered every question, then the Continue button on the Quiz Result slide will not allow the user to advance further. That's what I think might be happening.
So, my suggestion is to set the Retake All button to appear on the Quiz Result slide. Set the Required dropdown to Optional (yes I know that sounds counter-intuitive but do it anyway). Turn off Branch Aware unless you are actually offering several different paths to the questions. Turn off Submit All unless you want the user to have the option to check their answers multiple times before submitting them all.
See how that goes.