Can I print a list of the Variables in the Variables Pod?

Unfortunately not.

If you save as MIF, then you can open the file in a text editor and extract the Variable catalog. The data will look like:

<VariableFormats

<VariableFormat

    <VariableName `Page Count'>

    <VariableDef `<$lastpagenum\>'>

  > # end of VariableFormat

<VariableFormat

    <VariableName `Current Date (Long)'>

    <VariableDef `<$monthname\> <$daynum\>, <$year\>'>

> # end of VariableFormat

...

... additional variable definitions here

...

> # end of VariableFormats

You can manipulate this in a text editor to get the variable name and definition into a csv format suitable for importing into a spreadsheet.

You can also create a suitable routine in the spreadsheet to output your modified variables back into MIF format in order to re-import directly into FM files. Check the MIF Reference manual for the full syntax required to make a simple MIF snippet file.