Creating objects with paths and shapes

Hello People,

I got a problem with compunding an object in which I can change color of several object in the superior object. 

I wanted to create a planet which has different landscapes. I created the grouped object by using a circle and vector paths. Now  I want to color the areas between the vector paths in different colors,

I already tried several things witch pathfinder which didn't work. I also tried to convert the grouped object giving me an object which had now filled areas, wqhere the vector paths have been before...

My idea is to first put the anchor points on the circle then somehow compund it and then divide them to have several object, which I can color indiviudally.

Maybe someone can help.

I prepared some Screenshots of how the object looks like so you can make get an idea of what i want to do. 

I hope someone can help me.

Sincerely Adobe illustrater rookie.