How do I make the white layers/objects in my logo transparent?

Question

Hello! I agreed to make a logo for a friend's company and used tutorials along the way. However, I didn't realize the white areas needed to be transparent and after I've made all these layers using objects/shapes, I am having difficulty discerning through existing threads how to achieve the transparency.

The basic steps I followed to make this round logo was:

~black circle, layered by a white circle, to create a black outline/stroke effect

~inside the circle, I used the pen tool with black fill to create mountains

~on top of the black mountains I used the pen tool with white fill to create pine trees as well as snow caps

~lastly, the company name is above the mountains in the "sky" area, yet inside the black outline.

So basically, everything black needs to stay (circle outline, text, and mountains) and everything white needs to go (sky, snow, trees).

I've seen a lot of tutorials about knockout groups, but I'm not succeeding in making the white of sky as well as snow and trees become transparent given the way each layer works together. The grid is transparent, but not anything in the logo itself. I would be grateful if anyone more experienced than I could give me some pointers! Thanks so very much!

Monika Gause · Accepted Answer

Since this is a logo, knockout groups might cause issues when opening in other editors, when sending to plotters etc.

You would need to expand any live effects, brushes and strokes.

Then select all and use the pathfinder "Merge" from the pathfinder panel.

Then you can delete all the white objects.

This assumes that there are only white and black shapes. Might or might not apply to other combinations. You might want to show your logo.

sishamIAGD · Answer

Here is a simple video of how i would do something along the lines of what you described...

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