How to apply changes to copies of an image?

Not "automatically," no.

I would just delete or rename the original unchanged copies and make more copies of the changed file.

Using symbol (instances) may be a possible way.

Amir,

I am afraid the general answer is no; unless the copies are identical: then you can just copy the copies and insert them (you can use Align to get them into the exact places if relevant).

There are countless possible changes you can make, also depending on the actual artwork, and it may be easier or more difficult to reapply.

It may enable helpers to give suggestions if you can show one or more samples showing the new changes, and maybe the other changes ( (you mentioned copy versions which seems to imply that different changes have been made to (some of) the copires).