Links repeatedly break after being relinked, letters disappear at the end of the linked file names

I am experiencing an issue where links repeatedly break and then letters disappear at the end of the linked file names. After relinking, saving, and then re-opening the Illustrator file, the links break/unlink again.

• When this happens, I'm then unable to see any artwork (it appears blank/white) unless I view in Outline mode. All of the artwork is still present. Also "View using GPU" becomes greyed out.
• I've tried copying and pasting artwork to a new blank template file (which I've used many times without issue before) but the issue is replicated.
• I tried restarting my computer, uninstalling and reinstalling Illustrator, and deleting preferences. None have helped.
• It seems to be related to linking images specifically because the vector artwork alone copies over fine. The issue occurs when I add linked images.

I've tried to attach the Illustrator file but it's not allowing me currently ("The attachment's deck-white_r-00.ai content type (application/postscript) does not match its file extension and has been removed." Even though it is an Illustrator file.) Thank you in advance if you're able to help!