Need a script to toggle three settings at once and keep them synchronized.

For the guides, I figured out a hack that will let you determine if they're visible or not. If you "select all" in your document while paths are unlocked but hidden, they won't show up in app.activeDocument.selection. I wondered if this could be done at the time of adding guides, and it turns out, if you try to set the .selected property of a pathItem that is a guide to true while the guides are hidden, it'll still resolve to false 🙃.

function guidesAreVisible() {
  if (!app.activeDocument) return false

  // Create a path object
  var path = app.activeDocument.pathItems.add()
  path.guides = true
  path.selected = true

  // If guides are not visible, this will be false, believe it or not.
  var visible = path.selected

  // Clean up
  path.remove()

  return visible
}

As an alternative for simultaneously reviewing your icons you may consider to set up your files with multiple windows.

That is, open one of your Illustrator files, go to the Window menu, choose "New Window" and arrange the two windows side by side. In the new window hide the artboard, guides, the grid and turn on Pixel Preview. Save the file.

In the original window (with artboard, guides and grid turned on) you can now modify the icon. In the second window (with artboard, guides and grid turned off) you will then immediately see all changes.

Just wanted to update. I got the correct menu commands and I'm calling them via app.executeMenuCommand. Here's the script sofar:

//@target illustrator
preferences.setBooleanPreference("ShowExternalJSXWarning", false); // Fix drag and drop a .jsx file

function main() {
   var SCRIPT = {
      name: "Toggle Preview Mode",
      version: "v.0.1"
   };

   if (!documents.length) {
      alert("Error\nOpen a document and try again");
      return;
   }
   app.executeMenuCommand("showgrid");
   app.executeMenuCommand("showguide");
   app.executeMenuCommand("raster");
   app.executeMenuCommand("artboard");
}

try {
   main();
} catch (e) {}

But the problem is if the grid is already hidden, the script will toggle it back on when I want to hide it. Likewise
with guides / pixel preview / artboard visibility. Is there a way to query the state of each property? Basically I want to do this: (excuse the psuedo code)

if(guidesAreHidden=true){ //do nothing }
if(gridIsHidden=true){ //do nothing }
if(pixelPreviewIsOn=true){ //do nothing }
if(artboardsAreHidden=true){//do nothing }

Or a more complex example (Only the grid is hidden):

if(guidesAreHidden=false) { app.executeMenuCommand("showguide"); }
if(gridIsHidden=true){ //do nothing }
if(pixelPreviewIsOn=false){ app.executeMenuCommand("raster"); }
if(artboardsAreHidden=false){ app.executeMenuCommand("artboard"); }

Basically I need a way to retrieve whether guides/grid/pixel preview/artboard visibility is currently enabled or disabled so I can set the appropriate state.