You can have multiple versions of Illustrator installed.
There is still one version that you can download that has the libraries.
Install an older version of Illustrator: 2023 (27.0), this is the last version that has the old Pantone Color books.
In the Creative Cloud app select Apps > All Apps > Illustrator > click the 3 dots … next to the Open button > click Other Versions and select 27.0
Go the Illustrator 2023 Application folder > Presets > (your language folder) > Swatches > Color Books > and make a copy of PANTONE+ Solid Coated.acb and PANTONE+ Solid Uncoated.acb
Keep them in a safe place and copy them to the same location in the Illustrator 2024 application folder.
Edit: this Illustrator version is no longer avalaible, but:
If you have a Photoshop license, you can install Photoshop 22.2.
In the Creative Cloud app select Apps > All Apps > Photoshop > click the 3 dots … next to the Open button > click Other Versions and select Photoshop (22.2) and Install
Then, open Photoshop 2023 Application folder > Presets > Color Books and you will find the PANTONE color books, so copy it to Illustrator's Color Books folder.
Make a copy in a safe place