All my adobe apps are showing the same file on screen at different sizes

That's right. 100% does not mean the same thing in Photoshop, as it does in InDesign/Illustrator. Id/Ai are vector-based and display according to physical print size, they know nothing about pixels.

This is normal and expected.

Pixel artwork viewed in native Mac viewers outside Photoshop are scaled up to compensate for the high resolution display.

Photoshop uses for 100% the one pixel on screen is one pixel in the picture rule.

The other programs (Ai and Id) use the screen size and assumed pixel density.

If you look into your pixel files, you find the ppi parameter (pixels per inch). This one is used to determine the size of the picture on your artboard/page.

If you print the design, Photoshop will use the ppi value and all the other will use the artboard/page size to determine at which size something needs to get printed.

Moving to Photoshop​

Photoshop is a pixel editor, and will always display one screen pixel for one image pixel at 100% view. If your new Mac has a retina screen, images will display smaller than on your old Mac because the pixels are smaller.

Digital images don't have physical dimensions, only pixel dimensions.

I don't use Illustrator, but since it works with vector images that don't have pixel dimensions, it will probably display images at print size at 100% view.

The same thing goes for Indesign, which is mainly used for designing for print.