Change Font and number

You can't learn to write scripts by asking others to do all the hard work for you ¯\_(ツ)_/¯

This code has a couple of problems: firstly, I still don't understand what exactly you meant by "numbers" - your comments are at odds with your example in the file. As a result, the script replaces the font only for numbers. Secondly, since you didn't even try to write a font replacement function and didn't describe the dialog box logic, I was forced to follow your example and use fontName for replacement. This is wrong, since each fontName actually describes several font styles, and in case of replacing one font with another, it is important that they both support the same style (thin, bold, italic, etc.). If one of the fonts does not have the desired style, the replacement will not work. Perhaps this option will suit you, but it would be more correct to use fontPostScriptName (accordingly, you need to store two lists of fonts separately in your dialog box - a friendly name for the user and a more precise name for the script).

#target photoshop

changeFontForLettersAndNumbers('Times New Roman', 'Arial')

function changeFontForLettersAndNumbers(letters, numbers) {
    var s2t = stringIDToTypeID;
    function t2s(t) { if (!typeIDToStringID(t)) { return typeIDToCharID(t) } else { return typeIDToStringID(t) } }
    (r = new ActionReference()).putProperty(s2t('property'), p = s2t('textKey'));
    r.putEnumerated(s2t('layer'), s2t('ordinal'), s2t('targetEnum'));
    if (executeActionGet(r).hasKey(p)) {
        var textKey = executeActionGet(r).getObjectValue(p),
            sList = textKey.getList(s2t('textStyleRange')),
            l = new ActionList(),
            styleSheet = [],
            text = textKey.getString(p);
        for (var i = 0; i < sList.count; i++) {
            var cur = sList.getObjectValue(i);
            styleSheet.push({
                from: cur.getInteger(s2t('from')),
                to: cur.getInteger(s2t('to')),
                style: function (d) {
                    if (d.hasKey(p = s2t('styleSheetHasParent')) && d.getBoolean(p)) if (d.hasKey(p = s2t('baseParentStyle'))) extend_descriptor(d.getObjectValue(p), d)
                    return d;
                }(cur.getObjectValue(s2t('textStyle'))),
            })
            styleSheet[i].text = text.substring(styleSheet[i].from, styleSheet[i].to);
        };
        var len = styleSheet.length;
        for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
            var customStyle = setFontName(styleSheet[i], 0, styleSheet[i].text.length, letters)
            styleSheet.splice.apply(styleSheet, [i, 1].concat(customStyle));
        }
        do {
            var len = styleSheet.length,
                found = false;
            for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
                var offset = 0,
                    cur = styleSheet[i].text;
                if (cur) {
                    var digits = cur.match(/\d+/),
                        from, to;
                    if (digits) {
                        from = cur.indexOf(digits[0]) + offset
                        to = from + digits[0].length
                        offset += digits[0].length
                        cur = cur.substring(cur.indexOf(digits[0]) + digits[0].length)
                        customStyle = setFontName(styleSheet[i], from, to, numbers, true)
                        styleSheet.splice.apply(styleSheet, [i, 1].concat(customStyle));
                        len += customStyle.length - 1;
                        i += customStyle.length - 1;
                        found = true
                    }
                }
            }
        } while (found)
        var l = new ActionList();
        for (var i = 0; i < styleSheet.length; i++) {
            var d = new ActionDescriptor();
            d.putObject(s2t('textStyle'), s2t('textStyle'), styleSheet[i].style)
            d.putInteger(s2t('from'), styleSheet[i].from)
            d.putInteger(s2t('to'), styleSheet[i].to)
            l.putObject(s2t('textStyleRange'), d)
        }
        textKey.putList(s2t('textStyleRange'), l);
        (r = new ActionReference()).putEnumerated(s2t('layer'), s2t('ordinal'), s2t('targetEnum'));
        (d = new ActionDescriptor()).putReference(s2t('target'), r);
        d.putObject(s2t('to'), s2t('textLayer'), textKey);
        executeAction(s2t('set'), d, DialogModes.NO);
    }
    function setFontName(baseStyleSheet, from, to, fontName, erase) {
        var output = [],
            offset = baseStyleSheet.from;
        if (baseStyleSheet.from != from + offset) {
            output.push({
                from: baseStyleSheet.from,
                to: from + offset,
                style: baseStyleSheet.style,
                text: baseStyleSheet.text.substring(0, from)
            })
        }
        var customStyle = new ActionDescriptor();
        extend_descriptor(baseStyleSheet.style, customStyle);
        customStyle.putString(s2t('fontName'), fontName);
        customStyle.erase(s2t('fontPostScriptName'));

        /* If the original and new font do not have the same style (thin, bold, italic, etc.), 
        then you need to uncomment this line - this will reset the style settings.*/
        //  customStyle.erase(s2t('fontStyleName'));

        output.push({
            from: from + offset,
            to: to + offset,
            style: customStyle,
            text: erase ? null : baseStyleSheet.text.substring(from, to)
        })
        if (baseStyleSheet.to != to + offset) {
            output.push({
                from: to + offset,
                to: baseStyleSheet.to,
                style: baseStyleSheet.style,
                text: baseStyleSheet.text.substring(to)
            })
        }
        return output;
    }
    /** tnx to 
     * https://community.adobe.com/t5/photoshop-ecosystem-discussions/how-to-copy-save-styles-typeface-font-size-design-etc-of-arbitrary-text-fragments-and-apply-them-to/m-p/10522630
     */
    function extend_descriptor(src_desc, dst_desc) {
        try {
            for (var i = 0; i < src_desc.count; i++) {
                var key = src_desc.getKey(i);
                if (dst_desc.hasKey(key)) continue;
                var type = src_desc.getType(key);
                switch (type) {
                    case DescValueType.ALIASTYPE: dst_desc.putPath(key, src_desc.getPath(key)); break;
                    case DescValueType.BOOLEANTYPE: dst_desc.putBoolean(key, src_desc.getBoolean(key)); break;
                    case DescValueType.CLASSTYPE: dst_desc.putClass(key, src_desc.getClass(key)); break;
                    case DescValueType.DOUBLETYPE: dst_desc.putDouble(key, src_desc.getDouble(key)); break;
                    case DescValueType.INTEGERTYPE: dst_desc.putInteger(key, src_desc.getInteger(key)); break;
                    case DescValueType.LISTTYPE: dst_desc.putList(key, src_desc.getList(key)); break;
                    case DescValueType.RAWTYPE: dst_desc.putData(key, src_desc.getData(key)); break;
                    case DescValueType.STRINGTYPE: dst_desc.putString(key, src_desc.getString(key)); break;
                    case DescValueType.LARGEINTEGERTYPE: dst_desc.putLargeInteger(key, src_desc.getLargeInteger(key)); break;
                    case DescValueType.REFERENCETYPE: dst_desc.putReference(key, src_desc.getReference(key)); break;
                    case DescValueType.OBJECTTYPE: dst_desc.putObject(key, src_desc.getObjectType(key), src_desc.getObjectValue(key)); break;
                    case DescValueType.ENUMERATEDTYPE: dst_desc.putEnumerated(key, src_desc.getEnumerationType(key), src_desc.getEnumerationValue(key)); break;
                    case DescValueType.UNITDOUBLE: dst_desc.putUnitDouble(key, src_desc.getUnitDoubleType(key), src_desc.getUnitDoubleValue(key)); break;
                    default: alert("Unknown data type in descriptor"); return false;
                }
            }
            return true;
        }
        catch (e) { throw (e); }
    }
}