color management

Simple answer

Photosop is colour managed and will display correctly - provided that a. The document has a colour profile and b. the monitor profile in the operating system is the correct profile for the monitor being used (that is why we use hardware and software to calibrate and profile the monitor). With both of those in place Photoshop converts the RGB data in the image to the data being sent to the screen so that the colours are displayed correctly.

Android is not colour managed. It just sends image data RGB numbers to it's screen regardless of the document profile.

Dave

There's this thing called color management and display profiling, which you can set up on your computer, but phones have no support for.

If you haven't profiled your computer display, using a calibrator, there's no particular reason to trust that any more than your phone.