Color Picker

That's a broken monitor profile, probably a manufacturer profile distributed through Windows Update.

Replace your current profile with sRGB IEC61966-2.1 as a temporary measure for now.

The proper way to deal with this is to use a calibrator to make your monitor profiles, but if you don't have one, sRGB will often be close enough for non-critical work. Relaunch Photoshop when done, it loads the profile at application startup.