Hi,
I reproduced your file using the supplied RGB values, sRGB space and saved as PSD
Export > Jpeg gave me about the same numbers you got on my Mac even at 100% 30,51,144 Same numbers with "Save for Web" So it's not just you.
I guess I don't see any visual difference because a shift in the B value by 1 is not noticeable.
I decided to try File > Save As... Jpeg and the numbers are the same as the psd. So use that if it bothers you.
It's the jpeg compression. Trying different quality levels gives different varieties: 31-50-144, 30-51-144, 30-49-142, etc.
Jpeg is not supposed to be accurate, it's supposed to be small. The color component is more aggressively compressed than the luminance component. The theory is that the eye is less sensitive to small changes in color than small changes in tone. It's all done to reduce file size as much as possible.
It's not uncommon to see numbers shifting in jpeg, and even color banding in smooth gradients.
BTW, Exporting to PNG maintains the numbers.