These are hash functions. ActionManager keys are stored as a hash table (numeric key: value). Accordingly, to work with ActionManager, we need functions so that human-readable variable names are converted to these keys (and vice versa). charIDToTypeID is an older implementation (variables with a length of 4 characters are used to get the hash table key), stringIDToTypeID is a newer one (a string variable is used to get the key). There are also inverse functions - typeIDToStringID and typeIDToCharID (the name of a human-readable variable name is returned from the numeric key value).
There are variables for which the key can be obtained only through charIDToTypeID, there are variables for which the key can be obtained only through stringIDToTypeID. However, for most variables, charIDToTypeID (s) == stringIDToTypeID (s). In most cases, you can use stringIDToTypeID (it's easier to read variable names in code). charIDToTypeID is rarely needed.