Hi
The dpi value does not affect the image - it is contained in some files and is used for printing the image - to tell the print driver how big to make the pixels and hence the physical image.
In Photoshop 100% zoom means 1 image pixel maps onto 1 screen pixel. The dpi value in the image file does not matter, nor does the physical size. Only the number of pixels.
To see an onscreen preview of the physical size then your screen monitor resolution needs to be set accurately in Preferences > Units & Rulers. Then you can use View>Print Size
Dave