'Record Action' button state

I'm not sure if you can have the script detect from where it was launched. You can do a workaround by running a different script in your action that will set a global variable that can then be read from your main script. So you have two scripts: one that is run from the action and one that is run from the menu:

#target photoshop
var efile = new File(app.path + '/presets/Scripts/test.jsx')//path to you main script
var check = true//set global variable to see if action was selected
$.evalFile (efile, 5000)
$.gc()//force garbage collection to clear global variable

Test.jsx: your main script to be run through the menu or through the evaFile statement

#target photoshop
var action = false
try{
     //detects if script was run from action. Throws an error if it wasn't so script runs through catch statement
    if(check){
     action = true
     alert('sent from action')}
    }
catch(e){
     action = false
     alert('sent from menu')}

//Your main code. Use the var action to determine where script was run from.

Look at Adobe's Fit Image script. That script has action support programmed in.  Its a Photoshop Plug-in when you record the use of Fit image in an action. The Plug-in Script Fit Image records the dialog setting  you used when recording the Fit Image step into the Actions's step.  When the Action is played the Plug-in script Fit Images bypasses displaying its dialog and uses the setting recorded into the action's step.  If you turn on the step's dialog by checking the display dialog box in the step.  The Plug-in script Fit Image will display its dialog and populate it with the setting recorded in the action's step. The step will be interactive. The user that plays the action can change the settings displayed in the dialog and run the rest of the script.

You need CS3 or newer for Scripting Plug-in support. Also read Photoshop Javascript reference guide.