When I open a photo in Photoshop 2022 it defaults to Camera Raw which prevents me from adjusting the

Hi. Photos shot in RAW format, must be processed before entering Photoshop. Photoshop itself never could just open a RAW file. This is kind of the digital equivalent of processing the film that came out of the camera, into negatives before it could be printed in a photographic enlarger. 

You alter whether Camera Raw opens .jpg's and .tif's in Raw, or allow them to open directly into PS, but RAW images will open in Camera RAW. 

By the way, using RAW is a great way to pre-process the image. Nothing's been done to it and it contains ALL the image information as shot. It's the best place to make global corrections - like altering exposure and such, prior to hitting Open to get it into Photoshop.
https://helpx.adobe.com/camera-raw/using/introduction-camera-raw.html