Acrobat not displaying files correctly - shapes at the back of document won't load/appear

I posted a few weeks ago about this, but seem to have lost the post! For 3-4 weeks now I've not been able view pdfs correctly in Acrobat. Whether the pdf has been generated by InDesign, Illustrator, myself or a colleague, if I open it in Acrobat and the file has multiple items in it, the background image/solid colour doesn't appear, giving me an incomplete visual and leaving me unable to use Acrobat to actually review files. 

In a nutshell, the background layer doesn't appear, and if there are shapes/text in white depending on that layer for contrast I can't see any of the content in the pdf. There's not an issue with a layer being off or on. As usually these are pretty simple docs, and I'm not using a complex layer system with 'Layers' in Indesign/Illustrator. I'm using layer above to mean the shapes at the back of the file - or the shapes that are 'sent to back' of the composition. 

Pdfs without overlapping shapes and layers open absolutely fine. 

I'd wondered if this is happening because I'm not using 'New Acrobat', and have changed view to old Acrobat, but this also happens when I put New Acrobat mode on. 

If anyone has any suggestions - would love to be able to use Acrobat properly!

Have attached a screenshot of how things are previewing. There should be a solid background to this, and the text is white, so can't be seen.