Adobe Acrobat X - Unable to create a temporary folder Error 2

Acrobat X is old and unsupported, and not compatible with the current operating systems, like Windows 10, so problems are to be expected.

Are you administering that old version with group policy?

I would check the access permissions to that folder.

If other applications are able to write and execute in the same temporary folder destination maybe this could be related to Protected View , Security Enhanced sandboxing, or an integration conflict between Internet Explorer security zones and Adobe Acrobat, which sometimes is known to interfere when it breaks down to containerized app processes.

I am most inclined to think though, that this is directly related to Trust Manager settings.

Maybe you will have to enable or set Trust Manager  methods to enable access to that folder as a privileged location so that Distiller can write to it.

See here:https://www.adobe.com/devnet-docs/acrobatetk/tools/AppSec/trust.html 

Also use this guidance as a reference:

https://www.adobe.com/devnet-docs/acrobatetk/tools/PrefRef/Windows/TrustManager.html