I'm attaching the files you provided for others to see.
However, looking at the files themselves, it is very easy to see the difference.
The Windows7Test.pdf file has no fonts embedded. It assumes that the Calibri font is available on the system on which the PDF file is displayed (very bad assumption for cross-platform consumption!). The Document Properties and Audit Space Usage for this file:


The Windows10Test.pdf file has fonts subset embedded. It makes no assumption that the Calibri font is available on the system on which the PDF file is displayed. The Document Properties and Audit Space Usage for this file:


The only significant difference between the two PDF files is the amount of space required for the embedded font! And the more fonts or characters within such fonts you use in your original document, the greater the difference would be.
What this does show, though, is that you could not have actually used the same exact Distiller joboptions on both systems. Ironically, the Smallest File Size joboptions do embed all fonts that are available and thus, the PDF file from your Windows 10 system is technically the correct one.
For the PDF file from your Windows 7 system either you were using modified joboptions that prohibited font embedding or your Distiller was improperly configured.
- Dov