Disable zooming when clicking on a link in Acrobat Pro

Edit the link (right-click it using the Add Link tool and select Properties), then go to the Actions tab, select the action ("Go to a page in this document") and click Edit. Change the Zoom level to "Inherit Zoom", and you're done:

If you want to do this automatically for all the links in the file, though, you will need to use an external tool, such as this (paid-for) one I've developed: https://www.try67.com/tool/batch-edit-links-zoom-level

You must revert to the Classic UI: https://community.adobe.com/t5/acrobat-discussions/acrobat-2023-how-to-revert-to-classic-gui-user-interface/td-p/14052807
Consider the "new Acrobat" as a beta version, many features are still missing or half-implemented.

You need to ask program questions in the forum for the program you are using
To ask in the forum for your program please start at https://community.adobe.com/
Moving from Using the Community (which is about the forums) to the correct forum