Hi Susanne,
Detailed instructions for your exact dynamic stamp will be hard to come by, but this article provides pretty detailed instructions on creating a dynamic stamp-
https://acrobatusers.com/tutorials/dynamic_stamp_secrets
A detailed book on custom stamps for Acrobat and PDF, "All About PDF Stamps in Acrobat and Paperless Workflows" provides pretty good detail too-
All About PDF Stamps In Acrobat® & Paperless Workflows: Thom Parker: 9780985614706: Amazon.com: Books
Now for your specific situation you probably want to have a nice user interface for entering all the 4 fields of data at once when you use the stamp in Acrobat. That requires developing a custom dialog, which is a whole different topic but one that goes really well with complex dynamic stamps. Developing custom dialogs is definitely on the advanced side of Acrobat JavaScript and will not be an easy task for someone who is new to scripting or programming. Creating the stamp you describe is not a task that fits into a question and answer forum setting. It is a complete project. What people here can best help you with is issues with code that you write after you have studied and tested out some things.
Edit- The link to Joel's dialog creator above should be very helpful for developing your dialog after you have created your stamp. Very handy Joel!!
Finally, not sure where you got the stamp downloads you mentioned, but very little in Acrobat JavaScript Acrobat has changed in many years so it would be odd that scripts for a stamp only worked in another version of Acrobat.
Hope this helps,
Dimitri