Hi, @FF91, First, let me start with the fact that Acrobat cannot scan anything. Rather, it relies upon a piece of software called Twain that provides a link from your scanner's software to your computer. (The variation on this is with the Mac, which relies upon the dreadful "Image Capture," made by Apple instead of your scanner's software.)
So, the problem is either with Twain, your scanner's software, or how Acrobat is working with Twain.
Part of the answer might be: have you recently updated your computer, scanner, or have you updated your computer's OS? It is not uncommon for the OS to be updated and the scanner's drivers to be updated as well. Do a Google search and see if there are new drivers for your specific model of scanner.
If that did not solve your problem, I suggest you try a scan with your scanner's software. (Important, save the file in the TIF format.) Have the file placed in a convenient location (Desktop?) and then open that file with Acrobat. If it doesn't automatically convert it into a PDF and do the OCR, the problem is with Acrobat. We can deal with that next if that is the case.
BTW, here is a blog I wrote for Adobe a number of years ago on how to get the best quality scan for OCR use.
https://community.adobe.com/t5/adobe-community-professionals/scanning-clean-searchable-pdfs/m-p/4785435?page=1#M89
Good luck!