LR doesn't correctly display the colors of JPEG XL's created in various color spaces by Photoshop 26.8, though several other programs on Mac and Windows do. Since Photoshop and five other programs all display the .jxls identically, that strongly indicates a bug in LR.
Tested on LR 14.4 / PS 26.8 / Mac OS 15.5.
1. Download and open this catalog:https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/vjd3laedf2jffxrle602i/photoshop-jxl.2025-06-24.zip?rlkey=8zbxn5so4y35...
2. The catalog contains x.png, in the Prophoto RGB color space, plus five eponymous .jxl's created by selecting x.png, doing Edit In > Photoshop. In Photoshop, do Convert To Profile, select the desired profile, then Save As, JPEG XL, Embed Color Profile, Lossy, Quality 100.
The files and color spaces appear in LR:
x-srgb.jxl (correct)
x-displayp3.jxl (correct)
x-adobergb.jxl (incorrect)
x-prophoto.jxl (incorrect)
x-rec2020gamma2-2.jxl (incorrect)
appear as:

3. These programs all render the .jxls the same:
Mac: Photoshop 26.8, Preview, Finder, Pixea
Windows: Irfanview, Xnviewmp
For example, here's Finder:

4. The "jxlinfo" utility from the libjxl reference implementation shows that none of these files contain embedded previews. So that couldn't account for the differences.